Gadolinium (Gd) — Atomic Data, Electron Shells & Reactions

Atomic Number (Z) 64 IUPAC Symbol Gd Standard Atomic Weight 157.25 g/mol Period / Group / Block 6 / f-block / f-block Condensed Electron Config [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 Full Subshell Config 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 Principal Shell Occupancy [2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2] Pauling Electronegativity 1.2 First Ionization Energy 593 kJ/mol Covalent Radius 196 pm Melting Point 1585 K (1311.85 °C) Boiling Point 3546 K (3272.85 °C) Density 7.895 g/cm³ Oxidation States +3